Hepatitis B is a liver infection that is spread through blood, semen and vaginal fluids. The chance of getting it in the UK is low. The infection usually only lasts for a few months, but some people can have hepatitis B long term.
Other ways to reduce your risk from hepatitis B include:
- using a condom when having vaginal, anal, or oral sex;
- avoiding sharing razors, toothbrushes, and needles with others.
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Symptoms
Many people with hepatitis B won’t have any symptoms. If you do develop symptoms, they tend to occur 2 or 3 months after exposure to the hepatitis B virus.
Symptoms of hepatitis B include:
- Tiredness
- A high temperature (fever) of 38°C or above
- General aches and pains
- Loss of appetite
- Feeling and being sick
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal pain
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Hepatitis B usually clears up on its own without treatment. Your GP will refer you to see a liver specialist who will check how well your liver is working.
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Testing
Hepatitis B can be diagnosed by a blood test. This is a simple procedure which can be carried out by your GP, in your local clinic or hospital or by online testing.
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Vaccination
Vaccination is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. A hepatitis B vaccine is available as part of routine child vaccination, or if you’re at higher risk.
The best way to prevent hepatitis B infection is by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is particularly recommended for:
- people who change sexual partners frequently;
- men who have sex with men;
- people who have close contact with someone with hepatitis B infection.
Hepatitis B vaccine is given in a course of three vaccines over a few weeks or months and then a booster dose may be given at one year gap. It is very important to complete the vaccination course recommended by the doctor to ensure maximum protection.
You can discuss your likely risk and need for a vaccine with your GP or at a sexual health clinic (GUM clinic).
Find out more about vaccination.