What is sexual health?
Sexual health is relevant throughout a person’s life, through adolescence and into older age – not only during their reproductive years.
The World Health Organisation defines sexual health as “a state of physical, emotional, mental and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled.”
A sexually healthy individual:
- recognises that sexuality is a natural aspect of life, encompassing more than just sexual behaviour;
- acknowledges and respects the shared sexual rights we all possess;
- has access to sexual health information, education, and care;
- takes proactive measures to prevent unintended pregnancies and STIs, seeking care and treatment when necessary;
- can experience sexual pleasure, satisfaction, and intimacy when desired;
- can communicate openly about sexual health and consent with others, including sexual partners and healthcare providers.
Sexual health is an important part of physical and mental health, as well as emotional and social wellbeing.
Sexual health includes:
- healthy and positive sexual relationships;
- knowledge, skills and ability to make informed and consensual sexual choices;
- education, counselling and care related to sexuality, sexual identity and sexual relationships;
- access to contraception and reproductive healthcare;
- prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections;
- sexual function and counselling;
- prevention and care of cancers involving the reproductive system.
Understanding more about sexual health can help when making choices about if, and when to have sex and how to access care and support.
If you are sexually active, important ways to protect your sexual health include:
- always using a condom – find out about C-Card condom distribution scheme;
- using contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancy – check where to get contraception;
- limiting your number of sexual partners;
- getting tested for sexually transmitted infections – check getting tested for STIs;
- attending cervical screening when invited – read about cervical screening programme.
Parents and carers
Young people who can talk to their parents about sex tend to delay having sex. They’re also more likely to use contraception. Some tips on how to talk to your child about sex are available on NI Direct Talking to your child about sex and teenage pregnancy | nidirect